[Youtube学习笔记]Linux的50个实用指令
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50 Most Popular Linux and Terminal Commands
这篇文章的内容主要来源于Youtube视频The 50 Most Popular Linux & Terminal Commands - Full Course for Beginners
建议大家可以follow一下这个博主来支持。另外,推荐这个网站 Linux Commands Handbook,里面有可以查询的Linux指令。
为什么要掌握这些指令呢?
- 更好地控制你的电脑
- 运行速度很快
- 可以自动化很多工作
操作系统
Linux和Mac都来源于一个叫做Unix的操作系统,因此可以指令基本是通用的。但是Windows有一套自己的系统。
Linux本身是指一个Kernel, Kernel就是链接application和CPU / Memory的东西。在Windows上安装LInux
windows一般是不可以直接用Linux指令的,但是现在我们可以用下面的命令来在Windows里面安装一个小的Linux系统。
wsl --install
电脑上用管理员权限运行 PowerShell (不是 PowerShell(86) )
重启电脑后就可以搜索到一个叫做Ubuntu的程序
打开这个程序后,需要自定义用户名和密码(用户名需要是小写英文)
然后就可以在这里运行Linux指令啦为了更好地运行这些不同的Shell,可以安装一下Windows Terminal。(免费软件,在Microsoft Store里面可以安装)
安装后,它可以允许我们自定义运行命令的背景等等。如果我们要运行一个Windows Powershell,可以点击加号,有不同的Shell可供选择
Basics
一些基本指令
whoami 'print the username man <command> 'open a manual for that command man whoami clear 'clear the terminal screen clear -x 'clear the terminal screen but remains the history pwd 'print working directory ls 'list a contents of the current folder ls <target folder path> 'list the contents for a target folder ls -l 'long format of files. (with file names etc) ls -a 'does not hide files starting with . cd 'change directory cd .. 'Go back to previous folder cd ~ 'Go to the folder with username help <command> 'the help file for any command
Linux File Structure.
All absolute path starts with /
In the home folder, for all users using this machine, there will be a username for him/her
mkdir 'make a directory mkdir a b 'make two folders mkdir -p a/b 'create parent directory when necessary touch 'change file timestamps. if a file does not exist, it creates this file for us touch rmdir 'remove a directory (only for empty ) rm 'remove a file rm -rv <folder> 'recursively delete all files in a folder rm -V 'print the output open 'open a file or folder (mac only) open . 'open the current directory xdg-open 'open command in linux mv 'move files cp 'copy a file or folder cp -r 'copy recursively for files in a folder head 'output the first part of files head <filename> -n <number> 'n is for the number of lines to output tail 'output the last part of files date 'prints out the current date date > today.txt 'output the current date to today.txt date >> today.txt 'appending to a file instead of rewrite it cat